Tanzania, moja ya nchi zenye rasilimali nyingi za madini duniani, inachukua hatua kubwa katika kusimamia na kutumia madini yake mkakati ili kuendeleza uchumi wake. Katika suala la madini muhimu, Tanzania ina utajiri wa Madini ya Nchi Adimu (REEs), Graphite, Nickel, Cobalt, na Heavy Mineral Sands. Rasilimali hizi za asili ni muhimu kwa viwanda vinavyotengeneza vifaa vya elektroniki, nishati jadidifu, na magari ya umeme.
Kama tunavyojua, Mkataba wa Paris unalenga kupunguza gesi ya kaboni ifikapo mwaka 2050, ikimaanisha kuwa kupunguzwa kwa uzalishaji wa gesi chafu ni muhimu sana. Teknolojia safi za nishati, kama vile nguvu za nyuklia na magari ya umeme, zitakuwa na jukumu muhimu katika mpito kutoka nishati za kisukuku hadi nishati safi na kupunguza uzalishaji wa gesi chafu. Lakini teknolojia hizi za nishati jadidifu zitahitaji madini muhimu au madini ya kijani. Kwa kuwa mpito wa teknolojia safi za nishati unaendelea kwa kasi, madini haya muhimu yanahitajika sana duniani kote.
Hebu tuangalie maendeleo muhimu yaliyofanywa na Serikali ya Tanzania katika uchimbaji wa madini mkakati hadi sasa:
Madini ya Nchi Adimu (REEs)
Haya ni vipengele muhimu vya zaidi ya bidhaa 200 katika matumizi mbalimbali, hasa bidhaa za teknolojia ya juu. Tanzania imetoa leseni ya uchimbaji mkubwa kwa kampuni ya Mamba Minerals Corporation Limited kwa ajili ya uchimbaji wa REEs katika eneo la Ngualla, mkoa wa Songwe. Uagizaji unatarajiwa kuanza Aprili 2025.
Nickel
Hii ni chuma nyeupe yenye nguvu inayoweza kugongwa na kuumbika, yenye uwezo wa kung’aa sana, na ni sugu kwa kumomonyoka. Tanzania ina kampuni ya Tembo Nickel Corporation Limited, kampuni iliyojengwa kwa ushirikiano kati ya Serikali na Kampuni ya Kabanga Nickel Limited ili kuendeleza mradi wa Kabanga Nickel. Hifadhi za nickel zilizogunduliwa Ngara, mkoa wa Kagera, zinakadiriwa kuwa zaidi ya tani milioni 1.52. Uchimbaji unatarajiwa kuanza mwishoni mwa mwaka 2026.
Nchi pia iko kwenye harakati za kuanzisha kiwanda cha kusafisha nickel katika wilaya ya Kahama, mkoa wa Shinyanga. Kiwanda hiki kikubwa cha kusafisha metali, kinachojulikana kama Kiwanda cha Kusafisha Nickel cha Tembo, kinatarajiwa kutatua changamoto inayowakabili wachimbaji wa metali nchini Tanzania, ambao hapo awali walilazimika kusafirisha makaa nje ya nchi kwa ajili ya kusafishwa, hali iliyosababisha faida ndogo.
Takriban futi za ujazo bilioni 138 za heliamu zimegunduliwa katika Bonde la Ziwa Rukwa, ikisemekana kuwa ni hifadhi ya pili kwa ukubwa wa heliamu duniani. Zaidi ya hayo, kuna takriban hifadhi nyingine 20 za madini muhimu nchini Tanzania, kama vile shaba na lithiamu.
Graphite
Hii ni aina ya kaboni nyeusi inayong’aa ambayo hupitisha umeme na hutumika katika penseli za risasi na anodi za kielektroni, kama lubricant, na kama moderator katika mitambo ya nyuklia. Tanzania ina hifadhi ya zaidi ya tani milioni 18 za graphite, hasa katika mikoa ya Lindi, Morogoro, na Tanga, inayosemekana kuwa hifadhi ya tano kwa ukubwa wa graphite duniani. Nchi imetoa leseni kadhaa za uchimbaji mkubwa wa graphite, ikiwa ni pamoja na moja kwa kampuni ya Faru Graphite Corporation katika eneo la Mahenge, mkoa wa Morogoro, na Duma Tanzgraphite Limited katika eneo la Epanko, wilaya ya Ulanga.
Kwa mfano, Godmwanga Gems Limited inaongoza katika sekta ya uzalishaji wa graphite nchini Tanzania, ikiwa miongoni mwa wazalishaji kumi bora wa madini haya muhimu duniani. Ikiwa na umiliki wa asilimia 100 na mwanahisa Mtanzania, Bw. Godlisten Mwanga, kampuni hii inachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika uchumi wa ndani na masoko ya kimataifa kupitia ubunifu wa teknolojia za uchimbaji na usafishaji.
kupitia sera na mikakati kabambe, Tanzania inajitahidi kutumia kikamilifu madini yake mkakati ili kukuza uchumi na kuboresha maisha ya wananchi wake.
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